Existence and Knowledge

Existence and Knowledge

Development of Conception from God in Western Philosophy from Points of View of Three Cartesian Philosophers: Malebranch, Leibnitz, Spinoza

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Saleh Hasanzadeh 1
Hamid Reza Ayatollahy 2
1 PhD student in Philosophy, Allameh Tabatabaei University
2 Associate Professor of Philosophy, Allameh Tabatabaei University
Abstract
Principality of Cogitant in Descartes' Philosophy reduced "God"from "I am that exist" to a philosophical principle. Therefore, "the creator of nature" replaced the God of religions. This result was the origin of a metaphisycal problem for the followers of Descartes.
Malebranch, in solving the problem, counted God as the only true cause, both in the human epistemologic system and in natural causal system; and tried to establish a strong relation between God and the universe by his "occasionalism".
The solution of Spinoza was the belief in the unity of substance. When there is nothing other than one substance there will not be other than one nature; and its other name is God. The meaning of one substance contains every thing, God or nature: from two points of view both natura naturans and natura naturata. Thus, he left the traditional meaning of God.
The philosophy of Leibniz, like that of Malebranch, was God centered; not only in the meaning has that God, in his view, has central importance but also in the meaning that "all the universe is in a center and the spirit of this center is God".
In spite of accurate attempts of these rationalists to explain  God, "the infinitely complete being" of Malebranch, "natura naturans" of Spinoza and "monad af monads" of Lebnitz, like "infinite substance" of Descartes differ from God of religions
Keywords
God
the Infinitely Complete Being
Infinite Substance
Natura Naturans
Monad af Monads
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