Laurence Lampert (1941-2024) has been known as the greatest contemporary Nietzsche scholar in North America. The main theme of his works can be addressed as the explanation of the notion of a Nietzschean history of philosophy; a new history of philosophy in which the genuine philosopher commands and legislates. From this point of view, philosophy faces two important theoretical and practical challenges. The theoretical challenge in discovering the truth is to face the deadly truth, in which to be is to be will to power. The practical challenge of philosophy is to translate truth into a livable form; the challenge that Strauss recognized as the challenge for philosophy to rule religion. The article “Nietzsche’s Challenge to Philosophy in the Thought of Leo Strauss” was written in order to explain these challenges and Nietzsche’s solutions for them. In the explanatory introduction to this article, I have tried to briefly introduce Professor Lampert’s life and works, then show the basic points of Lampert's understanding of Nietzsche, and finally, provide the reader with an overview of the argumentative structure of the article.