نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مقاله

2 ترجمه

چکیده

نویسنده‌، ویلیام‌ چیتیک‌، که‌ ابن ‌عربی‌ را اندیشمندی‌ پر نوشتار، سنت‌گرایی‌ نوآور و حکیمی‌ متنفذ می‌داند، در تلاش‌ است‌ تا نسبت‌ ابن‌ عربی‌ را با فلسفه‌، در قالب‌ سه‌ پرسش‌ مطرح‌ کند و جوابی‌ در خور، به‌ نحو ذیل‌، برای‌ آنها بیابد:
 1 ـ «آشنایی‌ با فلسفه‌»: هرچند ابن‌ عربی‌ با جریانهای‌ عقلی‌ روزگار خود و بویژه‌ سنّت‌ حِکمی‌ آشنا بوده‌ است‌، امّا بیشتر گفته‌های‌ وی‌ محصول‌ کشف‌ و شهود عرفانی‌ اوست‌.
 2 ـ «نگرش‌ به‌ فلسفه‌»: به‌ نظر او کاربرد عقل‌ در برخی‌ مسائل‌ بسیار ضروری‌ است‌، ولی‌ کشف‌ از عقل‌ و نیز دید صوفیانه‌ از تأمّل‌ فیلسوفانه‌، فراتر است‌ و بنابراین‌ تشبیه‌ و رحمت‌خدا بر تنزیه‌ و غضب‌ او مقدم‌ است‌.
 3 ـ «سهم‌ در فلسفه‌»: ابن‌ عربی‌ در سه‌ مسألة‌ در هم‌ تنیده‌ سهم‌ عمده‌ را دارد که‌ عبارتند از «وحدت‌ وجود» که‌ مبتنی‌ بر دیدگاه‌ تشبیه‌ است‌؛ «عالم‌ خیال‌» که‌ به‌ معنای‌ مطلق‌، شامل‌ جهان‌ و هرچه‌ در آنست‌ می‌شود و به‌ معنای‌ مقیّد، بین‌ عالم‌ غیب‌ و شهادت‌ قرار دارد؛ «انسان‌ کامل‌» که‌ با فعلیّت‌ بخشیدن‌ به‌ هر امکانِ معرفت‌ و وجود، هدف‌ خلقت‌ را به‌ انجام‌ می‌رساند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ibn ‘Arabi’s Philosophical Mode of thinking

نویسندگان [English]

  • William C. Chittick 1
  • Mahdi Mutahhari 2

1 Article author

2 Trans

چکیده [English]

Considering Ibn ‘Arabi as an active Muslim scholar, theosopher and, to some extent, philosopher, both and influential, who wrote voluminously at an exceedingly high level of discourse, making him one of the most difficult of all Muslim authors, the writer has made an attempt to find his relation with philosophy in three aspects, and judge whether he deserves the name faylasuf or not:
1) Aquaintance with falsafah: Though it is clear that he was conversant with the fundamental sources of the Islamic Tadition and the intellectual currents of his day, especially the wisdom tradition, most of what he says is the product of his unveiling (Kashf)
2) View of falsafah: According to him, the unveiling achieved by sufi practitioners is a mode of knowing superior to reason, but reason is necessary for acquiring a true knowledge, therefore, tashbih (God’s incomparability) and rahmah (God’s Mercy) take precendence over his tanzih (His similarity) and Ghadab (Wrath).
3) Contributions to philosophy: His contributions to philosophy can be summarized in three intimately interwined theories as follows: The Oneness of Being (wahdat al-wujud), the world of Imagination (alam al-khayal), and the perfect human being. The first theory is basend on the theory of tashbih; the second, in its broader sense, applies to the cosmos itself and to every thing within it, and lies between the two grand worlds, the visible (al-shahadah) and the Invisible (al-ghayb), to use the Quranic terms. And the third, the perfect human being, having actualized every possibility of knowledge and existence, fulfils the purpose of creation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • The perfect humanbeing
  • The world of Imagination
  • Oneness of being
  • Unveiling
  • Philosophy
منابع :
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14- Murata Sachiko, The tao of Islam: a Sourcebook on Gender Relationships in Islamic Thought (Albany. 1992).
15-Chittick W., “Death and the Afterlife”, chapter 7 of Imaginal worlds: Ibn `Arabi and theProblem of Religious Diversity (Albany, 1994)
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