نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی

چکیده

بر اساس دیدگاه پوزیتیویست‏هاى منطقى، دلیل عامل براى عملش علت آن عمل است و تبیین عمل با دلیل، تبیین على و قانون‏مند است. از سوى دیگر، ویتگنشتاین و فیلسوفان هم‏مسلک او منکر علیت دلیل براى عمل هستند و معتقدند تبیین عمل با دلیل، صرفا تبیین عقلانى است، نه تبیین على. نظریه علّى عمل دیویدسن موضع میانه است، زیرا از یک سو، دلیل را علت عمل مى‏داند و از سوى دیگر، منکر این است که رابطه‏اى قانون‏مند بین دلیل و عمل وجود داشته باشد. بنابر راى دیویدسن، تبیین عمل با دلیل هم تبیین عقلانى است و هم تبیین على.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Davidson’s Causal Theory of Action

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehdi Zakeri

Assistant Professor of the Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture

چکیده [English]

According to Logical Positivists, agent's reason in his action causes that action; and explanation of action by reason is causal and so is lawful. On the other hand, Wittgenstein and Wittgensteinians deny that reasons could be causes, and maintain that the explanation of action by reason is merely rational, not causal. Davidson’s causal theory of action is a middle position, for on the one hand maintains that reasons cause actions, and on the other hand, denies that the relation between reason and action could be lawful. According to Davidson, explanation of action by reason is both rational and causal

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Donald Davidson
  • Causal Theory of Action
  • Causal Explanation
  • Rational Explanation
  • Law
  • Generalization
منابع
1- Carnap, Rudolf (1932) "Psychology in Physical Language", reprinted in A. J.
    Ayer (ed.) Logical Positivism, pp. 165-98. Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1959.
2- Davidson, Donald, Essays on Actions and Events, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.
3- Evnine, Simon, Donald Davidson, Stanford, California: StanfordUniversity Press,
    1991.
4- Hempel, Carl G., Aspects of Scientific Explanation, New York, Free Press, 1965.
5- Kim, Jaegwon, "Events as Property Exemplifications", in M. Brand and
    D.Walton (eds) Action Theory, pp. 159-77. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1976.
6- Kitcher, Philip, "Explanation" in Edward Craig (ed), Routledge Encyclopedia of 
     Philosophy, 1998.    
7- Lepore, E. and MacLaughlin, B., "Actions, Reasons, Causes, and Intentions", in
    Lepore, E. and MacLaughlin, B. (eds) Actions and Events: Perspectives on the
    Philosophy of Donald Davidson, Oxford: Blackwell, 1985.
8- Mele, Alfred, "Philosophy of Action" in Kirk Ludwig (ed) Donald Davidson,
    Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 2003.
9- Mele, Alfred, "Agency and Mental Action", Philosophical Perspectives, 11, 231-49,
    1997.
10- Mill, John Stuart, a System of Logic, London, 1843.
11- Stoutland, Frederieck, "Davidson on Intentional Behavior", in Lepore, E. and MacLaughlin, B. (eds) Actions and Events: Perspectives on the Philosophy of   Donald Davidson, Oxford: Blackwell, 1985.
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